تجربتي مع التهاب العصب البصري

تجربتي مع التهاب العصب البصري , مما لا شك فيه أن هذا الموضوع من أهم وأفضل الموضوعات التي يمكن أن أتحدث عنها اليوم، حيث أنه موضوع شيق ويتناول نقاط حيوية، تخص كل فرد في المجتمع، وأتمنى من الله عز وجل أن يوفقني في عرض جميع النقاط والعناصر التي تتعلق بهذا الموضوع.

My experience with optic neuritis is that pathological condition that destroys one of the important organs of the body, given that God has blessed man with the blessing of sight, and any disease that affects eyesight is certainly a serious disease, which requires quick medical intervention, and optic neuritis is one of these diseases because it may It leads to vision loss, so this article through the reference site will provide an explanation of optic neuritis to help people with this inflammation discover the disease and seek diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.

What is the optic nerve?

The optic nerve is a bundle of more than a million nerve fibers, also known as cranial nerve II, a paired nerve that transmits sensory information for vision in the form of electrical impulses from the eye to the brain. In fact, the optic nerve is an extension of the central nervous system, not surrounded by Schwann cells, and it develops in the seventh week of the fetus’s life. The optic nerve consists of the axons of retinal neurons and glial cells, and the optic nerve is enveloped by the three meningeal layers: the dura, arachnoid, and pia, instead of the epithelium and the peripheral lining covering the peripheral nerves. Each optic nerve contains approximately 770,000 to 1.7 million nerve fibers.[1]

Sections of the optic nerve

The optic nerve is divided into four parts:[1]

• Optic nerve head: It is the place where the nerve begins inside the eyeball through fibers exiting from the retina.
• Orbital part: It is the part inside the eye socket.
• Intracanal part: It is the part inside the bony canal known as the ocular canal.
• Skull part: The part inside the cranial cavity, which ends at the optic chiasm.

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Optic neuritis

The optic nerve transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain. Optic neuritis occurs when the optic nerve becomes infected. Optic neuritis can also occur suddenly due to a neurological disease, and this inflammation often causes temporary loss of vision and causes severe pain. It is possible to return to normal vision after recovery from optic neuritis. However, attention should be paid to the presence of many other conditions that cause symptoms similar to those of optic neuritis, so only doctors are able to accurately diagnose the condition through optical tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. There are also cases of optic neuritis that do not require treatment and the inflammation can heal on its own, while other cases need drug intervention to speed up recovery.[2]

My experience with optic neuritis

Many people recount their experience with optic neuritis, and describe the pain associated with it. Below are the experiences of some people who have had this disease:[3]

• One patient says: “I woke up one morning after receiving the shingles vaccine, my left eye was so irritated and I completely lost vision in the lower half of my eye which was gray. I went to the ophthalmologist and he told me I had optic neuritis and the optic nerve was severely swollen. They sent me to the emergency room for an MRI to check for multiple sclerosis. No problems found, after two days, I woke up with blurry and dark vision in all of my eyes, I can’t see well especially at night, and I can’t read anything, it’s been 3 months, no improvement.”
• One patient says: “I have had optic neuritis three times, regained my sight twice, and the last time I lost my vision, that was six years ago. I underwent five MRIs, as well as x-rays, all negative, so I was diagnosed with an autoimmune disease.”
• Another patient says: “I started losing my color discrimination in my left eye, I went to the ophthalmologist for tests, they did an MRI and found a small swelling in the optic nerve. She underwent intravenous treatments for three days and took oral steroids for 10 days. I’m not sure how useful these medications are for optic neuritis, it’s been four months now and I’m seeing some improvement. I couldn’t see the sun or the colors at first, but now I can see things, I still can’t tell the red and everything is still blurry. I trust my doctor, and I hope things get better.” • A patient recounts his experience: “I woke up one morning with loss of vision and pain in my left eye. I am a 46 year old male. I went to the ophthalmologist who diagnosed me with optic neuritis. I also had other problems with sensation, as I lost a little bit of feeling in my legs and face. I went to the neurologist who did an MRI and found multiple sclerosis, but after a week of intravenous treatment, there were no more symptoms.”

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Optic neuritis causes

The exact cause of optic neuritis is still unknown, but doctors think it occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets the substance that coats the optic nerve, causing inflammation and damage to the myelin. Knowing that myelin helps in the rapid transmission of electrical impulses from the eye to the brain, to convert them into visual information, as optic neuritis disrupts this process, affecting vision. The following autoimmune diseases are often associated with optic neuritis, so the causes of the optic nerve can be summarized as:[4]

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the autoimmune system attacks the myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers in the brain. The risk of developing multiple sclerosis after a single episode of optic neuritis increases by 50%, and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis after optic neuritis increases if the MRI showed lesions in the brain.

Inflammation of the spinal cord and optic nerve

This inflammation affects the optic nerve and the spinal cord. Neuromyelitis optica has many similarities to multiple sclerosis, but myelitis optica does not cause damage to the nerves in the brain as it does in multiple sclerosis. However, neuromyelitis optica is more serious than MS, and it often leads to a reduced chance of recovery compared to MS.

Disruption of oligodendrocyte myelinated glycoprotein antibody

This condition can cause inflammation of the optic nerve, spinal cord, or brain. Recurrent episodes of inflammation can occur, and recovery from attacks of this disorder is more likely than recovery from neuromyelitis optica.

Infections and infections

Bacterial infections, including Lyme disease, cat scratch fever and syphilis, or viruses, such as measles, mumps, and herpes, can cause optic neuritis.

Medicines and toxins

Some drugs and toxins have been linked to optic neuritis. Ethambutol, used to treat tuberculosis, and methanol, a common ingredient in antifreezes, paints and solvents, have been linked to optic neuritis.

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Optic neuritis symptoms

Optic neuritis often affects only one eye, and symptoms may include all of the following:[4]

• Feeling of pain: Most people with optic neuritis suffer from eye pain that gets worse during eye movement, and the pain sometimes feels like a slight ache behind the eye.
• Loss of vision in one eye: Most people suffer from temporary vision loss, but the degree of loss varies, vision loss develops within hours or days, and improvement begins within several weeks or months, while vision loss may be permanent in some cases.
• Loss of the visual field: The patient can suffer from loss of side vision in different patterns, such as loss of central vision or loss of peripheral vision.
• Inability to distinguish colors: Optic neuritis often affects the patient’s ability to perceive colors, as colors appear less bright than usual.
• Bright lights: Some people with optic neuritis have seen flashing or flashing lights when they move their eyes.

Optic neuritis treatment

Optic neuritis improves on its own in most cases, while in some cases, intravenous steroid medications must be used to relieve optic neuritis. Possible side effects of steroid treatment include weight gain, mood changes, flushing of the face, upset stomach, and insomnia. If steroid treatment fails and vision loss persists, a treatment called plasma exchange therapy may help some people restore their vision. However, studies have not yet confirmed the effectiveness of plasma exchange therapy in treating optic neuritis.[5]

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Optic neuritis risk factors

There are many factors that increase a person’s risk of developing optic neuritis, and these factors include all of the following:[4]

• Age: Optic neuritis most often affects adults between the ages of 20 and 40.
• Gender: Women are more likely to develop optic neuritis than men.
• Ethnicity: Optic neuritis occurs more often in white people.
• Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of developing optic neuritis.

Optic neuritis diagnosis

The ophthalmologist must be consulted to request a diagnosis, which will depend on the patient’s medical history, in addition to conducting some tests and examinations that include:[5]

• Routine eye examination: The ophthalmologist will make sure of the patient’s ability to see and perceive colors, and he will also check the patient’s ability to see side (peripheral).
• Ophthalmoscopy: The doctor shines a bright light on the patient’s eyes and examines the organs in the back of the eye. This test will evaluate the condition of the optic disc, which is where the optic nerve enters the retina, as the presence of swelling in the optic disc indicates optic neuritis.
• Pupillary light reaction test: The doctor may move a flashlight in front of the patient’s eyes to test how the pupils respond when exposed to bright light. In the case of optic neuritis, the pupil of the eye will not narrow as much as the pupil in a healthy eye when exposed to light.
• MRI: An MRI is very important to determine if there are damaged areas (lesions) in the brain. These lesions indicate an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis. MRI can also rule out other causes of vision loss, such as tumors.
• Blood tests: Blood tests check for a bacterial or bacterial infection, as myelitis and optic nerve inflammation is associated with the presence of an antibody that causes acute optic neuritis.
• Optical coherence tomography: This test measures the thickness of the layer of nerve fibers in the retina, which is often thicker in the case of optic neuritis.
• Visual field test: This test measures the peripheral vision of each eye, in order to determine if there is any vision loss.
• Visual response test: This type of test checks whether electrical signals are reaching the brain at a slower than normal speed as a result of damage to the optic nerve.

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Optic neuritis complications

Complications from optic neuritis may include:[4]

• Optic nerve damage: Some people have permanent optic nerve damage after an episode of optic neuritis, but this damage may not cause permanent symptoms.
• Decreased visual acuity: Most people regain normal or near-normal vision within several months, but partial loss of color discrimination may persist for some, and there are people with permanent vision loss.

Is optic neuritis caused by optic nerve damage?

Permanent damage to the optic nerve occurs in about 85% of cases of optic neuritis, but this damage does not always cause serious vision problems. In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves on its own without treatment in about four to 12 weeks. The person’s vision improves once the inflammation subsides.[6]

Is it due to optic neuritis, loss of vision?

Optic neuritis often causes loss of vision, but this loss of vision is often temporary, and vision usually improves on its own after several weeks or months, so treatment may not be needed. Vision is permanent in some cases.[7]

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Optic neuritis tips

Other steps you can take at home to help treat optic neuritis include:[7]

• Eat healthy meals.
• Drink plenty of water.
• Avoid smoking.
• Refrain from showering with hot water.
• Refrain from strenuous exercise.

Optic nerve damage treatment

There are no cures for most cases of optic nerve damage, but measures can be taken to stop further worsening of symptoms. Treatments offered vary according to the cause of the optic nerve damage, and treatments include all of the following:[8]

• For people diagnosed with glaucoma, treatment may include use of eye drops, oral medications or eye surgeries such as laser therapy.
• For people with optic atrophy, there is currently no proven treatment.
• For people with optic neuritis, treatment may include the use of steroids to stop the condition from getting worse.

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Here we come to the end of our article, My Experience with Optic Neuritis, which provided detailed information about optic neuritis, and offered a set of tips to speed recovery from the disease. The article also reviewed the experiences of many people who suffered from this disease.

خاتمة لموضوعنا تجربتي مع التهاب العصب البصري ,وفي نهاية الموضوع، أتمنى من الله تعالى أن أكون قد استطعت توضيح كافة الجوانب التي تتعلق بهذا الموضوع، وأن أكون قدمت معلومات مفيدة وقيمة.